Xionia / Polar places and cold records

Polar Places and Cold Records — Weather Map & Forecast

GFS, ECMWF IFS 9 km, AIGFS, AIFS, GEM · also compare ECMWF IFS 0.25°

Explore places known for polar cold: Oymyakon, Verkhoyansk, Yakutsk, Svalbard, Greenland and the Arctic. Sourced weather records and forecasts.

Find the weather where you are going

All places

Click a place marker or temperature label to open its dedicated page. Click an empty map location to view the forecast for those coordinates.

Move the map with the arrow keys and use “Forecast at map centre”.

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Places and forecasts

Select a place to open its forecast.

All locations on the map · Greece

Documented weather records

Verkhoyansk -67.8 °C

Asian lowest temperature · area station

1892-02-05 / 1892-02-07

WMO
Oymyakon -67.8 °C

Asian lowest temperature · area station

1933-02-06

WMO
Snag -63.0 °C

WMO North America region lowest temperature · airfield station

1947-02-03

WMO

These are weather-station observations. The historical station may be at a different point from the settlement shown on the map. Record categories cover different geographic areas; they are separate from satellite surface temperatures and the reanalysis below. Sources checked on 9 September 2026.

Forecast low / high and indicative weather for the full local day. More labels appear as you zoom in. City names and weather cards link to their forecast pages.

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14-day forecast · Oymyakon

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How this forecast is calculated

The blend equally weights available GFS, ECMWF IFS 9 km, AIGFS, AIFS and GEM forecasts. ECMWF IFS 0.25° is shown separately for comparison, so IFS is not counted twice. Each variable requires a full local day of data; missing values appear as a dash. Model counts decrease as individual forecast ranges end. Days 8–14 are a less certain outlook.

Open-Meteo automatically uses terrain elevation and temperature downscaling. We do not subtract another temperature correction per 100 metres or transfer the Agios Stefanos station’s empirical calibration to other locations. Clicking the map requests the nearest cell of each model at your coordinates. Listed cities use a land cell with similar elevation. Zooming does not increase the weather model’s resolution.

Pressure is the daily mean reduced to sea level. Wind is the average of the models’ daily maximum wind speeds, not a gust. Today includes hours that have already passed; these are model estimates rather than station observations.

Weather: Open-Meteo · Locations: GeoNames via Open-Meteo · Map: OpenStreetMap. Locally calibrated Agios Stefanos forecast at 380 m .

Where is snow forecast?

Check the Snowfall column for estimated fresh snow in centimetres and compare individual models. These values do not predict the final snow depth on the ground. Surface temperature, wet-bulb temperature, the vertical temperature profile, elevation and precipitation intensity all matter. A daily minimum or an 850 hPa temperature alone cannot determine whether snow will fall or settle.

Explore the snow calculator and guide

Weather symbols and precipitation types

Drizzle, rain, thunderstorms, mixed rain/snow and snow use available model weather codes and hourly precipitation. Hail is shown only when a model supplies WMO code 96 or 99; absence of this code does not rule out hail. Open-Meteo currently provides thunderstorm-with-hail forecasts only in Central Europe, so this signal is not available for Greece. A daily symbol summarises weather during the day, not every hour. Simultaneous liquid precipitation and snow within one model hour is labelled mixed; different hours or models may indicate a transition instead.

💨 Wind ≥40 km/h or gusts ≥60 km/h · 🥶 Low ≤−5 °C · 🌡️ High ≥35 °C. These are display thresholds, not official weather warnings. Missing gust forecasts are excluded. Symbols use the same temperatures as the displayed forecast.

Open-Meteo · WMO weather codes

Weather models and where they come from

GFS

USA · NOAA / NCEP

Global Forecast System: a numerical model that simulates atmospheric physics.

AIGFS

USA · NOAA / NCEP

Artificial Intelligence Global Forecast System: a machine-learning model initialized from NOAA atmospheric analyses.

ECMWF IFS

Europe · ECMWF

Integrated Forecasting System: the intergovernmental European centre’s numerical model. IFS 9 km and IFS 0.25° are products of the same model family on different data grids.

ECMWF AIFS

Europe · ECMWF

Artificial Intelligence Forecasting System: this page uses AIFS Single, which produces one forecast scenario.

GEM

Canada · ECCC

Global Environmental Multiscale: the atmospheric model within Canada’s GDPS. The current system combines numerical prediction with large-scale guidance from the GEML AI model.

The blend uses the values available for each day and variable. Coverage falls as individual models reach their forecast limits. The two IFS products are not independent models. Model spread shows disagreement, not the probability of a weather event.

Wind: maximum daily speed at 10 m and prevailing direction of origin. Direction uses a speed-weighted circular calculation; missing or strongly opposing directions display a dash. 🥶: low below 0°C. 🥵: high above 30°C. 💨 in Conditions: wind at least 40 km/h or gusts at least 60 km/h.

Forecast data: Open-Meteo · NOAA / ECMWF / ECCC.

Weather in other locations

Open-Meteo and NOAA: where does the forecast come from?

The Source control selects data for widgets, weather maps and forecast tables. Xionia shows the provider used and the loading progress.

Open-Meteo — access to different models

Open-Meteo is a weather data service. It distributes forecasts from weather centres including NOAA, ECMWF and Environment and Climate Change Canada. Each model calculates how the atmosphere may evolve in its own way. Xionia compares the available values for each day and variable using the rules described in the forecast methodology.

NOAA GFS and AIGFS — direct forecast data

NOAA is the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The shared Xionia cache supports GFS grids at 0.25° and 0.5°, plus NOAA’s artificial intelligence model AIGFS at 0.25°. Models appear when a complete forecast cycle is available. We use six-hour steps out to 16 days to estimate daily conditions. AIGFS supplies temperature, wind, pressure and precipitation; cloud cover, gusts and snowfall in centimetres are not filled from another model.

How does the NOAA combination work?

GFS 0.25° and 0.5° are grids from the same model. Only one counts in the combination: the newest available grid, preferring 0.25° for the same cycle. AIGFS is a second model family. When both supply compatible values, each receives a 50% weight; otherwise only available values contribute. These are initial equal weights, not weights trained on observations. Forecasts and station readings are archived for later evaluation.

Elevation and AIGFS temperature

The label “native-grid T” means that AIGFS temperature refers to the model grid. These files do not supply verified surface elevation for the same adjustment used with GFS. When GFS temperature is elevation-adjusted, AIGFS temperature remains visible for comparison but is excluded from the temperature combination and the corresponding frost/heat signals. It is not an observation at the exact elevation of a summit or ski resort.

Which option should I use?

Automatic tries Open-Meteo first and switches to NOAA if a supported request fails. Selecting NOAA loads available models from the shared server cache: visitors receive values for their location without downloading whole global grids. If the NOAA cache is unavailable, the existing GFS 0.5° browser fallback remains available and needs more time and mobile data.

How should I read differences and gaps?

The provider, available model, grid and forecast issue time can change the values. A dash means missing data. Model agreement is not a percentage probability, and days 8–14 have greater uncertainty. Observations from the Agios Stefanos station, historical ERA5 reanalysis and the daily FWI index have their own sources and are unaffected by this control.

Official documentation: Open-Meteo · NOAA / NCEP · GFS · NOAA · AIGFS